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Version: Version 2.0

Tests

Testing is an opinionated topic. Here is a rough overview of our testing philosiphy. See something you want to discuss or think should be changed? Open a PR and let's discuss.

You're an engineer. You know how to write code, and writing tests isn't all that different. But do you know why we write tests? Do you know when to write one, or what kind of test to write? How do you know if a test is a "good" test? This document's goal is to give you the tools you need to make those determinations.

Okay. So why do we write tests? To increase our... CONFIDENCE

  • If I do a large refactor, does everything still work?
  • If I changed some critical piece of code, is it safe to push to production?

Gaining the confidence we need to answer these questions after every change is costly. Good tests allow us to answer them without manual regression testing. What and how we choose to test to increase that confidence is nuanced.

Kinds of Tests#

Test's buy us confidence, but not all tests are created equal. Each kind of test has a different cost to write and maintain. An expensive test is worth it if it gives us confidence that a payment is processed, but it may not be the best choice for asserting an element's border color.

Test TypeExampleSpeedCost
StaticaddNums(1, '2') called with string, expected int.🚀 Instant💸
UnitaddNums(1, 2) returns expected result 3✈️ Fast💸💸
IntegrationClicking "Sign In", navigates to the dashboard (mocked network requests)🏃‍♂️ Okay💸💸💸
End-to-endClicking "Sign In", navigates to the dashboard (no mocks)🐢 Slow💸💸💸💸
  • 🚀 Speed: How quickly tests run
  • 💸 Cost: Time to write, and to debug when broken (more points of failure)

Static Code Analysis#

Modern tooling gives us this "for free". It can catch invalid regular expressions, unused variables, and guarantee we're calling methods/functions with the expected paramater types.

Example Tooling:

Unit Tests#

The building blocks of our libraries and applications. For these, you'll often be testing a single function or method. Conceptually, this equates to:

Pure Function Test:

  • If I call sum(2, 2), I expect the output to be 4

Side Effect Test:

  • If I call resetViewport(viewport), I expect cornerstone.reset to be called with viewport

When to use#

Anything that is exposed as public API should have unit tests.

When to avoid#

You're actually testing implementation details. You're testing implementation details if:

  • Your test does something that the consumer of your code would never do.
    • IE. Using a private function
  • A refactor can break your tests

Integration Tests#

We write integration tests to gain confidence that several units work together. Generally, we want to mock as little as possible for these tests. In practice, this means only mocking network requests.

When to use#

...

End-to-End Tests#

These are the most expensive tests to write and maintain. Largely because, when they fail, they have the largest number of potential points of failure. So why do we write them? Because they also buy us the most confidence.

When to use#

Mission critical features and functionality, or to cover a large breadth of functionality until unit tests catch up. Unsure if we should have a test for feature X or scenario Y? Open an issue and let's discuss.

Summary#

  • Does your test increase confidence?
  • Does the test type chosen balance the cost-to-confidence ratio?

Further Reading#

General#

End-to-end Testing w/ Cypress#

Testing Dorito#

testing dorito